Common due date early

Ankara : The Department of Industrial Engineering and the Graduate School of Engineering and Science of Bilkent University, 2013.Thesis (Master's) -- Bilkent University, 2013.Includes bibliographical references leaves 91-96.This study considers a scheduling problem with position-dependent deteriorating jobs and a maintenance activity in a single machine. Even in the absence of maintenance activity and deterioration problem is NP-hard. A solution comprises the following: (i) positions of jobs, (ii) the position of the maintenance activity, (iii) starting time of the first job in the schedule. After the maintenance activity, machine will revert to its initial condition and deterioration will start anew. The objective is to minimize the total weighted earliness and tardiness costs. Jobs scheduled before (after) the due-date are penalized according to their earliness (tardiness) value. Polynomial (O(n log n)) time solutions are provided for some special cases. No polynomial solution exists for instances with tight due-dates. We propose a mixed integer programming model and efficient algorithms for the cases where mathematical formulation is not efficient in terms of computational time requirements. Computational results show that the proposed algorithms perform well in terms of both solution quality and computation time.Şirvan, FatmaM.S

Three golden rules in combating covid 19 from the perspective of children and their parents: Mask-distance-hygiene rules

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı, 6-12 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynler ve çocuklarının COVID-19’dan korunmada maske-mesafe, hijyen kurallarına uyum durumlarını incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini, Türkiye’de; farklı bölgelerde yaşayan, 6-12 yaş arası çocuğu olan ebeveynler ve çocukları oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın gücü, bilgisayar ortamında 0.2 etki büyüklüğü, %95 güven düzeyi %94 güç ile 321 kişi olarak hesaplanmış ve çalışma 321 kişi ile tamamlanmıştır (n=321). Katılımcılara kartopu örnekleme yöntemiyle ulaşılmış, veriler sosyal medya hesapları üzerinden ebeveynlerin cep telefonlarına gönderilen link yoluyla toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce Sağlık Bakanlığı’ndan kurul izni, Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi’nden etik kurul izni ve katılımcılardan izin alınmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan ebeveynlerin %83.5’i anne olup, %78.2’si İç Anadolu Bölgesinden katılmıştır. Yetişkin katılımcıların; %96.6’sı pandemi sürecinde maske kullanım kuralına uyduğunu, %96’sı maskelerini kirlenmesi ya da ıslanması durumunda değiştirdiğini, %87’si maskeyi elastik iplerinden veya bağlarından tutarak çıkardığını, %85.6’sı mesafe kurallarına uyduğunu, %91.6’sı tokalaşma ve sarılma gibi yakın temaslardan kaçındığını ve %43.2’si asansöre binmek yerine merdivenleri kullanmayı tercih ettiğini belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların %84.2’si ellerin sık sık, en az 20-30 saniye yıkadığını ve %81.7’si gözlerine, burnuna ve ağzına dokunmaktan kaçındığını, %93.8’i öksürürken veya hapşırırken ağzını ve burnunu dirseğiyle veya mendille kapattığını ifade etmiştir. Toplu alanlara giriş-çıkışlarda dezenfektan, alkol kullanan katılımcıların oranı ise %74.2’dir. Ebeveynlerin %83.9’u Covid 19’dan korunmak için gereken önlemlere yeterince uyduğunu belirtirken %63’ü çocuklarının önlemlere her zaman yeterince uyduğunu belirtmiştir. Araştırmaya katılan çocukların; % 51’i kız, %49’u erkektir. Çocukların sadece %39’u ebeveylerinin Covid-19 tedbirleri konusunda yeterince uyduğunu belirtmiştir. Çocukların %89’u maske kuralına uyduğunu, %57’si maskesini takmadan önce ellerini yıkadığını, %91’i maskesinin burnunu, ağzını ve çenesini tamamen örttüğünden emin olarak taktıklarını, %95’i maskesi kirlenince ya da ıslanınca değiştirdiğini, %76.5’i maskesini elastik iplerinden tutarak çıkardıklarını, %73.4’ü mesafe kuralına sürekli uyduğunu belirtmiştir. Çocukların %46’sı asansör yerine merdivenleri tercih ettiğini ve %80’si tokalaşma, sarılma gibi yakın temastan kaçındığını belirtmiştir. Çocukların %77’si ellerini en az 20 saniye sabunla yıkama kuralına uymaktadır. %69,7’si gözlerine, burnuna ve ağzına dokunmaktan kaçınıyorken, %65,9’u marketlere, mağazalara ve toplu alanlara giriş - çıkışlarda dezenfektan, alkol kullandıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Araştırmaya yanıt veren çocukların %76’sı gittiği yerlerde var ise tek kullanımlık malzemeler kullanmaya çalıştığını belirtmiştir. Sonuç: Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre; çalışmaya katılan ebeveynlerin ve çocuklarının maske-mesafe ve hijyen kurallarına büyük oranda uymaktadır. Ancak Covid-19 pandemisiyle mücadele bu üç önleme toplumun tamamının uyumu sayesinde mücadele edileceği göz önüne alındığında sonuçların yeterli olmadığı söylenebilir. Ayrıca çocukların perspektifinden büyüklerin maske-mesafe-hijyen kurallarına uyum oranlarını oldukça düşük değerlendirmiştir. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda; pandemi ile mücadelede toplumsal uyum çalışmalarında ebeveynler ve çocukları kapsayıcı çalışmaların yapılması önerilebilir. Çocuk gelişimi açısından erken öğrenmenin kalıcı davranış geliştirme açısından önemi yadsınamaz dolayısıyla maske, mesafe, hijyen, el yıkama vb. konularda farkındalık oluşturmaya yönelik çalışmaların yaygınlaştırılması önerilebilir.Purpose: The purpose of this research is to examine the compliance with mask-distance and hygiene rules of parents and children of 6-12 years old children against COVID-19. Materials and Methods: The research is a descriptive study. The universe of the research in Turkey; parents with children between the ages of 6-12 and children living in different regions. The strength of the study was calculated as 321 people with 0.2 effect size in the computer environment, 95% confidence level 94% power, and the study was completed with 321 people (n = 321). Participants were reached with the snowball sampling method, and the data were collected via a link sent to their parents' mobile phones through their social media accounts. Before starting the research, permission from the Ministry of Health, ethics committee permission from Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University, and permission from the participants were obtained. Results: 83.5% of the parents participating in the study were mothers and 78.2% of them were from the Central Anatolia Region. Adult participants; 96.6% obeyed the mask usage rule during the pandemic process, 96% changed their masks if they got dirty or wet, 87% removed the mask by holding its elastic strings or ties, 85.6% obeyed the distance rules, 91.6% handshaking and hugging 43.2% stated that they prefer to use the stairs instead of taking the elevator.84.2% of the participants stated that they wash their hands frequently for at least 20-30 seconds and 81.7% avoid touching their eyes, nose, and mouth, 93.8% of them cover their mouth and nose with their elbow or tissue while coughing or sneezing. The rate of participants who use disinfectant and alcohol while entering and leaving public areas is 74.2%. While 83.9% of the parents stated that they comply with the necessary precautions to be protected from Covid 19, 63% stated that their children always comply with the measures adequately. Children participating in the research; 51% of them are girls and 49% are boys. Only 39% of the children stated that their parents adequately followed the Covid-19 measures.89% of the children obey the mask rule, 57% wash their hands before putting on their mask, 91% make sure that their mask covers their nose, mouth, and chin completely, 95% change their mask when it gets dirty or wet, 76.5% 73.4% of them stated that they took off their masks by holding their elastic strings and they always followed the distance rule.46% of the children stated that they preferred stairs instead of elevators and 80% of them avoided close contacts such as handshaking and hugging. 77% of children obey the rule of washing their hands with soap for at least 20 seconds. While 69.7% avoided touching their eyes, nose, and mouth, 65.9% stated that they used disinfectant and alcohol while entering and exiting markets, stores, and public areas. 76% of the children who responded to the research stated that they tried to use disposable materials in the places they went. Conclusion: According to the results of the research; Participating parents and their children largely comply with mask-distance and hygiene rules. However, considering that the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic will be fought thanks to the harmony of the entire society, it can be said that the results are not sufficient. In addition, from the perspective of children, the rate of compliance with the mask-distance-hygiene rules of the adults was very low.In line with these results; It may be suggested to carry out studies that include parents and children in social adaptation studies in combating pandemic. In terms of child development, the importance of early learning in terms of developing permanent behavior cannot be denied, so mask, distance, hygiene, hand washing, etc. It may be suggested to disseminate studies aimed at raising awareness on issues

Bacteriological Profile and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern Among Healthcare-Associated Infections in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global public health issue with clinical and socioeconomic consequences. These infections are important indices for the quality of healthcare services which are serious complications that should be addressed in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). This study aimed to retrospectively examine the bacterial HAIs, the frequency of isolated pathogen microorganisms, the areas of infection, and the antibiotic susceptibility recorded in the surveillance system in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in five years between 01.01.2015 and 31.12.2019. In the study period, 1593 patients were admitted to PICU, and 244 HAIs were detected in 141 patients. A bacterial pathogen was isolated in 190 HAIs of the 99 patients. In those episodes, Gram-negative microorganisms were most commonly seen (160/190). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella spp. were the most common bacteria. Enterococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common Gram-positive microorganisms. The mortality rate of a bacterial HAI was 40.4%. There was no resistance against vancomycin in Gram-positive microorganisms. The resistance rate against methicillin was 100% in coagulase-negative staphylococci and 50% in S. aureus strains. The cumulative rate of carbapenem resistance was found as 76.1% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 45.2% in Klebsiella spp. and 0% in Escherichia coli. In 2019, the resistance rate against colistin in Klebsiella spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were 46.2% (6/13) and 20% (1/5), respectively. The resistance rate against carbapenem and colistin was 81.1% and 0% in Acinetobacter baumannii. It was observed that the use of carbapenem before an infection episode increased significantly, and the rate of carbapenem resistance reached 100% over the years in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella spp. A significant proportion of the isolates were multidrug-resistant strains, significantly threatening survival. Implementation of effective preventive strategies to combat the emergence of antibiotic resistance is urgently needed.Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a global public health issue with clinical and socioeconomic consequences. These infections are important indices for the quality of healthcare services which are serious complications that should be addressed in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). This study aimed to retrospectively examine the bacterial HAIs, the frequency of isolated pathogen microorganisms, the areas of infection, and the antibiotic susceptibility recorded in the surveillance system in our Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in five years between 01.01.2015 and 31.12.2019. In the study period, 1593 patients were admitted to PICU, and 244 HAIs were detected in 141 patients. A bacterial pathogen was isolated in 190 HAIs of the 99 patients. In those episodes, Gram-negative microorganisms were most commonly seen (160/190). Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Klebsiella spp. were the most common bacteria. Enterococcus spp. and coagulase-negative staphylococci were the most common Gram-positive microorganisms. The mortality rate of a bacterial HAI was 40.4%. There was no resistance against vancomycin in Gram-positive microorganisms. The resistance rate against methicillin was 100% in coagulase-negative staphylococci and 50% in S. aureus strains. The cumulative rate of carbapenem resistance was found as 76.1% in Pseudomonas aeruginosacccKlebsiella spp. and 0% in Escherichia coli. In 2019, the <span style="padding: 0px; margin: 0px; color: transparent; position: absolute; white-space: pre; cursor: text; transform-origin: 0

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Outbreak in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Outbreak Management

Objective: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a pathogen, which may cause serious outbreak, particularly in neonatal intensive care units, with increasing importance at present. The aim of this study was to assess the epidemiological and clinical features of S. maltophilia epidemic that we encountered in our neonatal intensive care unit and outbreak management

Differences and similarities of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, Kawasaki disease and macrophage activating syndrome due to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a comparative study

To compare the clinical and laboratory findings of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), patients with Kawasaki disease (KD) and with macrophage activating syndrome due to systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA-MAS) on real-life data. Patients diagnosed with MIS-C, KD, and sJIA-MAS from 12 different centers in Turkey who were followed for at least 6 months were included in the study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory findings of all patients were analyzed. A total of 154 MIS-C, 59 KD, and 31 sJIA-MAS patients were included. The median age of patients with MIS-C were higher than those with KD while lower than those with sJIA-MAS (8.2, 3, 12 years, respectively). Myalgia (39.6%), cardiac (50.6%), gastrointestinal (72.7%), and neurological (22.1%) involvements were more common in patients with MIS-C compared to others. MIS-C patients had lower levels of lymphocyte (950 vs 1700 cells/mu l) and thrombocyte (173,000 vs 355,000 cells/mu l) counts and higher pro-BNP (1108 vs 55 pg/ml) levels than KD. Ferritin levels were higher in patients with MIS-C compared to patients with KD while they were lower than patients with sJIA-MAS (440, 170, 10,442 ng/ml, respectively). Patients with MIS-C had a shorter duration of hospitalization than sJIA-MAS (p = 0.02) while they required intensive care unit admission more frequently (55 vs 8 patients, p < 0.001). The median MAS/sJIA score of MIS-C patients was - 1.64 (- 5.23 to 9.68) and the median MAS/sJIA score of sJIA-MAS patients was -2.81 ([- 3.79] to [- 1.27]). MIS-C patients displayed certain differences in clinical and laboratory features when compared to KD and sJIA-MAS. Definition of the differences and similarities between MIS-C and the other intense inflammatory syndromes of childhood such as KD and MAS will help the clinicians while making timely diagnosis

Prevalence of Anosmia in 10.157 Pediatric COVID-19 Cases: Multicenter Study from Turkey.

Introduction: COVID-19-related anosmia is a remarkable and disease-specific finding. With this multicenter cohort study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of anosmia in pediatric cases with COVID-19 from Turkey and make an objective assessment with a smell awareness questionnaire. Material and Methods: This multicenter prospective cohort study was conducted with pediatric infection clinics in 37 centers in 19 different cities of Turkey between October 2020 and March 2021. The symptoms of 10.157 COVID-19 cases 10-18 years old were examined. Age, gender, other accompanying symptoms, and clinical severity of the disease of cases with anosmia and ageusia included in the study were recorded. The cases were interviewed for the smell awareness questionnaire at admission and one month after the illness. Results: Anosmia was present in 12.5% (1.266/10.157) of COVID-19 cases 10-18 years of age. The complete records of 1053 patients followed during the study period were analyzed. The most common symptoms accompanying symptoms with anosmia were ageusia in 885 (84%) cases, fatigue in 534 cases (50.7%), and cough in 466 cases (44.3%). Anosmia was recorded as the only symptom in 84 (8%) of the cases. One month later, it was determined that anosmia persisted in 88 (8.4%) cases. In the smell awareness questionnaire, the score at admission was higher than the score one month later (P < 0.001). Discussion: With this study, we have provided the examination of a large case series across Turkey. Anosmia and ageusia are specific symptoms seen in cases of COVID-19. With the detection of these symptoms, it should be aimed to isolate COVID-19 cases in the early period and reduce the spread of the infection. Such studies are important because the course of COVID-19 in children differs from adults and there is limited data on the prevalence of anosmia

SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity among pediatric health care personnel just after the first peak of pandemic: A nationwide surveillance.

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic affected every single person on earth one way or the other. The healthcare personnel were no exception, their responsibilities as well as their risks being immense. METHODS: 4927 healthcare personnel all working in pediatric units at 32 hospitals from seven different regions of Turkey enrolled to the study to determine the seroprevalence of SARS Co-V-2 after the first peak wave. Point of care serologic lateral flow rapid test kit for IgM/IgG was used (Ecotest CE Assure Tech. Co. Ltd.). Seroprevalence and its association with demographic characteristics and possible risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS: Nearly 6.1% of healthcare personnel were found to be seropositive for SARS Co-V- 2. Seropositivity was more common among those who did not universally wear protective masks (10.6% vs 6.1%). Having a COVID-19 co-worker increased the likelihood of infection. The least and the most experienced personnel affected more. Most of the seropositive healthcare personnel (68%) did not have any suspicion that they had COVID-19 previously. CONCLUSIONS: Health surveillance for healthcare personnel involving routine point-of-care nucleic acid testing as well as monitoring PPE adherence would be important strategies to protect healthcare personnel from COVID-19 and to reduce nosocomial SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Evaluation of vaccination status of health care workers for recommended vaccines and their acceptance of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines

© 2022 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Introduction: Health care workers (HCWs) are disproportionately exposed to infectious diseases and play a role in nosocomial transmission, making them a key demographic for vaccination. HCW vaccination rates are not optimal in many countries; hence, compulsory vaccination policies have been implemented in some countries. Although these policies are effective and necessary under certain conditions, resolving HCWs’ hesitancies and misconceptions about vaccines is crucial. HCWs have the advantage of direct contact with patients; hence, they can respond to safety concerns, explain the benefits of vaccination, and counter antivaccine campaigns that escalate during pandemics, as has been observed with COVID-19. Method: A short survey was carried out in May–June 2020 on the vaccination status of HCWs working with pediatric patients with COVID-19. The survey inquired about their vaccination status (mumps/measles/rubella [MMR], varicella, influenza, and diphtheria/tetanus [dT]) and willingness to receive hypothetical future COVID-19 vaccines. The respondents were grouped according to gender, age, occupation, and region. Results: In total, 4927 HCWs responded to the survey. Most were young, healthy adults. The overall vaccination rates were 57.8% for dT in the past 10 years, 44.5% for MMR, 33.2% for varicella, and 13.5% for influenza. Vaccination rates were the highest among physicians. The majority of HCWs (81%) stated that they would be willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines. Conclusion: Although vaccination rates for well-established vaccines were low, a majority of HCWs were willing to receive COVID-19 vaccines when available. Education and administrative trust should be enhanced to increase vaccination rates among HCWs